و ها هو الجزء الثاني....
The political conditions and transitions in Yemen
The violations against human rights in Yemen are closely linked to the general situation of the country including the political situation. It is known that the deterioration of the political situation impacts negatively all the acquired rights of the people that are guaranteed by national laws and international conventions. Here in Yemen, numerous of political crises influence seriously the status of all human rights, which are restricted considerably by the state. As a result of the current critical situation in the country, fundamental human rights are violated widely. Yemen has signed several international conventions and agreements that bind the commitment to provide all its citizens political and civil rights as guaranteed by the national constitution including the right of people to express their believes and to allow individuals to express their opinions and enable the media to cover events and present issues and views no matter whether they agree or disagree with the government.
Yemen suffers many political problems such as the insurgency of Al-Houthis in the north that resulted in five episodes of war causing the displacement of hundreds of thousands from their homes and killed thousands of civilians and soldiers while the signs of the sixth episode of was is approaching very fast. The Yemeni government which claims to fight to end the rebellion in Saada led by followers of Al-houthi, Zaidis group (a branch of Shia), which would undermine the authority of the central government and threat the unity of the country and would subsequently lead to lost of control over the country, according to the government. On the other side stands Al-Houthis who assert that they defend themselves, and accuse the central government in Sanaa and the Yemeni army to wage a devastating war aimed at preventing them from expressing their view against America and Israel and practicing the religion on the zaidis rules. This conflict lasts for about 6 years and caused the death of thousands and displacement of hundred thousands from their homes in addition to the ruin of numerous of districts of Sa'ada governorate in the flames of the conflict that sometimes extends to other provinces.
The situation in the South
The south is experiencing political turmoil and civilian revolt due to the discrimination and repression imposed on them by the central government of Sanaa since 1994, which is the year of the civil war between north and south Yemen that ended with the conquest of Aden by the northern army at the same year. 13 years after the civil war, people started to create political organizations such as the associations of retired military and civilian appointees which started to organize sit-ins to demand on their rights to be treated equally as their counterparts in the north as they were release unfairly from their jobs after the civil war. So, they requested to return to their jobs and get the same rights as military and civilian appointees in the North. Due to lack of responsiveness to the legal demands of these organizations, the people decided to re-organize themselves in the so called (Southern movement) that became a major political power in the South that could dictate its own agenda.
The southern movement decided to follow a “peaceful struggle" to restore what they called (the State of the South) or what is known internationally and politically as (The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen). The path of peaceful struggle was reflected by sit-ins, festivals and demonstrations that became more popular with the time and transformed into a massive public marches that very often ends with deaths and injured due to the use of fire by the police in addition to numerous of prisoners. When we review the occurrences of activities of the southern movement, the picture becomes very bloody as these often results in deaths and hundreds of detainees.
While the forces of the Southern Movement stress that they exercise a constitutional and legitimate right, claims the government that these daily marches are illegal and target the country's unity and security and that many of those who participate in these events riot, which requires the intervention of the police and the army. Very often, the interference of the security forces causes riots and chaos which results in civilian casualties between killed and wounded people and other who might get arrested.
Independent of whether these marches and protests were legal or not, the fact is that each and every moment of these events and their consequences result in major violations of human rights that vary between killing people without opening an investigation, arresting people under inhuman conditions and detention and continued detention without any charges against those who are arrested. The brief overview we present in this report confirms that the security forces by dealing with demonstrations exercise various violations of human rights.
After this introduction we hope that it would be easier to understand the rational behind the protests and the violations of the human rights in Yemen that increases with the deteriorated political situation which becomes clear with the reported numbers of killed, injured and arrested people.
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